Guide to Layering

The best method of dressing for the outdoors is layering. The principle behind layering is that the hiker or climber is better able to adjust his clothing needs by either stripping or adding additional layers of clothing as needed.

An example of layering would be to wear a t-shirt, sweatshirt, and windbreaker, instead of wearing just a t-shirt and heavy coat. This way, you can remove the outer layers, one layer at a time, as needed. Whereas, if you wore only a t-shirt and a heavy coat, you may end up sweating under the heat of the coat, but at the same time, may not be warm enough to remove the coat, leaving only a t-shirt to keep you warm..

Many people are familiar with the concept of layering when it comes to dressing for warmth in the outdoors. But, many people fail to understand the type of layering and the fabric that should be applied with each layer.

There are three basic layers.

The first layer is most important, the clothing that is the first layer next to the skin. The primary purpose of this layer is to absorb perspiration and pass the moisture onto the second layer. This layer of undergarments provides warmth and should also "wick" moisture away from the body. Medium- or light-weight polypropylene underwear works well. Cotton is not a good first layer. Cotton absorbs the moisture keeping it close to the skin which can provide a lingering cold or clammy feeling. Blue Jeans are made of cotton and hold moisture and therefore are not good in cold weather. The inner layer should be a synthetic material (polypropylene or polyester) to transport the moisture away from the body.

The second layer of insulating clothing can be comprised of a wide variety of materials. Bunting, pile, wool, and quilted polypropylene are excellent insulators. If at all possible, cotton should be avoided since it loses its ability to retain body heat when wet.

The third or outer layer is called the shell and should be comprised of waterproof materials.

Layering is the single most important rule to remember when preparing for an outdoor adventure. If it is cold, layers of clothing will add air spaces which help retain body heat. If it gets warm, you can remove layers. Layering is also important when putting on socks. When hiking distances, you should wear two layers of socks, a thin inner pair and a heavier outer pair. Instead of your shoes rubbing against you, your socks will rub against each other. Dress properly and you will find that even in extremely cold weather you will be more comfortable and have longer staying power.